The derivative & tangent line equations

- [Voiceover] We're told that the tangent line to the graph of function at the the point two comma three passes through the point seven comma six. Find f prime of two. So whenever you see something like this, it doesn't hurt to try to visualize it. You might want to draw it out or just visualize it in your head but since you can't get in my head, I will draw it out. So let me draw the information that they are giving us. So that's x axis and that is the y axis. Let's see the relevant points here at two comma three and seven comma six. So let me go, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, along the x axis and I'm going to go one, two, three, four, five, and six, along the y axis. And now this point, so we have the point two comma three, so let me mark that, so two comma three is right over there, so that's two comma three and we also have the point seven comma six. Seven comma six is going to be right over there. Seven comma six. Let us remind ourselves what they're saying. They're saying the tangent line to the graph of function f at this point passes through the point seven comma six. So if it's the tangent line to the graph at that point, it must go through two comma three, that's the only place where it intersects our graph and it goes through seven comma six. We only need two points to define a line and so the tangent line is going to look like, it's going to look like, let me see if I can, no that's not right. Let me draw it like it's going to look. Oh that's not exactly right. Let me try one more time. Okay, there you go. So the tangent line is going to look like that. It goes, it's tangent two f right at two comma three and it goes through the point seven comma six and so we don't know anything other than f but we can imagine what f looks like. Our function f could, so our function f, it could look something like this. It just has to be tangent so that line has to be tangent to our function right at that point. So our function f could look something like that. So when they say, find f prime of two, they're really saying, what is the slope of the tangent line when x is equal to two? So when x is equal to two, well the slope of the tangent line is the slope of this line. They gave us, they gave us the two points that sit on the tangent line. So we just have to figure out its slope because that is going to be the rate of change of that function right over there, its derivative. It's going to be the slope of the tangent line because this is the tangent line. So let's do that. So as we know, slope is change in y over change in x. So if we change our, to go from two comma three to seven comma six, our change in x, change in x, we go from x equals two to x equals 7 so our change in x is equal to five. And our change in y, our change in y, we go from y equals three to y equals six. So our change in y is equal to three. So our change in y over change in x is going to be three over five which is the slope of this line, which is the derivative of the function at two because this is the tangent line at x equals two. Let's do another one of these. For a function g, we are given that g of negative one equals three and g prime of negative one is equal to negative two. What is the equation of the tangent line to the graph of g at x equals negative one? Alright, so once again I think it will be helpful to graph this. So we have our y axis, we have our x axis and let's see. We say for function g we are given that g of negative one is equal to three. So the point negative one comma three is on our function. So this is negative one and then we have, one, two, and three. So that's that right over there. That is the point. That is the point negative one comma three, it's going to be on our function. And we also know that g prime of negative one is equal to negative two. So the slope of the tangent line right at that point on our function is going to be negative two. That's what that tells us. The slope of the tangent line, when x is equal to negative one is equal to negative two. So I could use that information to actually draw the tangent line. So let me see if I can, let me see if I can do this. So it will look, so I think it will, let me just draw it like this. So it's going to go, so it's a slope of negative two is going to look something like that. So as we can see if we move positive one in the x direction, we go down two in the y direction. So that is a slope of negative two. And so you might say well, where is g? Well we could draw what g could look like. G might look something like this. Might look something like that right over there where that is the tangent line or you can make g do all sorts of crazy things after that but all we really care about is equation for this green line. And there's a couple of ways that you could do this. You could say, well look a line is generally, there's a bunch of different ways where you can define the equation for a line. You could say a line has a form y is equal to mx plus b where m is the slope and b is the y intercept. Well we already know what the slope of this line is. It is negative two. So we could say y is equal to negative two. Negative two times x. Times x plus b. And then to solve for b, we know that the point negative one comma three is on this line and this goes back to some of your Algebra I that you might have learned a few years ago. So let's substitute negative one and three for x and y. So when y is equal to three, so three, three is equal to, is equal to negative two, negative two times x. Times negative one, times negative one plus b. Plus b. And so let's see, this is negative two times negative one is positive two. And so if you subtract two from both sides, you get one is equal to b. And there you have it. That is equation of our line. Y is equal to negative two x plus one. And there's other ways that you could have done this, you could have written the line in point-slope form or you could have done it this way. You could have written it in standard form but at least this is the way my brain likes to process it.